T'was the Night Before Climate Change

Staff Writer, DL Mullan 

Climate Change / T'was the Night Before 

 ___________________________________

T'was the night before Climate Change and all throughout the globe
not a creature was stirring, no one was in their caps or gowns for bed,
mammals, reptiles, and humans alike did not make a sound:
because the genetically modified mosquitoes killed them all. 

As animals and humans lie dead in their tracks,
all the machinery that kept their lives livable
ran undeterred with lots of carbon emissions
and would run forever thanks to their solar panels.

The rise of the machines! Artificial Intelligence
would keep the world running as all the green house
gases spewed into the atmosphere like smog.
No person was there to halt the environmental carnage.

But the Earth lived on. She did not miss a solstice
or equinox. She did not understand why she had
more oxygen than carbon dioxide in the air.
Animals and people were not around to balance the equation.

So the plants began to die. The trees wilted and fell over.
None of the flowers were left to bloom. Without the mammals,
reptiles, and humans, oxygen overwhelmed the planet.
Earth suffocated as the machines began to rust.

No humans were around to keep the machines running.
Soon the utopia of zero carbon emissions took hold.
Earth's nitrogen rich atmosphere changed without the addition
of the small carbon atom that kept the world in sync.

A thousand years without the carbon makers and the Earth
turned into a huge rock with dried up oceans, compromised
atmosphere, and a dying magnetic field. Without the carbon makers,
Earth's heart bled and her spirit broke.

Alone in space with nowhere to turn, Earth became like
Venus and Mars: unmanageable, uninhabitable, and barren.
T'was the night before Climate Change and all through the lands,
Earth hoped the polluters would live as her life force demands. 

Maybe we should stop the damage done by Climate Change Advocates and Alarmists before it is too late to save our Mother Earth.

Thank you. 

T'was the Night Before Climate Change

Staff Writer, DL Mullan 

Climate Change / T'was the Night Before 

 ___________________________________

T'was the night before Climate Change and all throughout the globe
not a creature was stirring, no one was in their caps or gowns for bed,
mammals, reptiles, and humans alike did not make a sound:
because the genetically modified mosquitoes killed them all. 

As animals and humans lie dead in their tracks,
all the machinery that kept their lives livable
ran undeterred with lots of carbon emissions
and would run forever thanks to their solar panels.

The rise of the machines! Artificial Intelligence
would keep the world running as all the green house
gases spewed into the atmosphere like smog.
No person was there to halt the environmental carnage.

But the Earth lived on. She did not miss a solstice
or equinox. She did not understand why she had
more oxygen than carbon dioxide in the air.
Animals and people were not around to balance the equation.

So the plants began to die. The trees wilted and fell over.
None of the flowers were left to bloom. Without the mammals,
reptiles, and humans, oxygen overwhelmed the planet.
Earth suffocated as the machines began to rust.

No humans were around to keep the machines running.
Soon the utopia of zero carbon emissions took hold.
Earth's nitrogen rich atmosphere changed without the addition
of the small carbon atom that kept the world in sync.

A thousand years without the carbon makers and the Earth
turned into a huge rock with dried up oceans, compromised
atmosphere, and a dying magnetic field. Without the carbon makers,
Earth's heart bled and her spirit broke.

Alone in space with nowhere to turn, Earth became like
Venus and Mars: unmanageable, uninhabitable, and barren.
T'was the night before Climate Change and all through the lands,
Earth hoped the polluters would live as her life force demands. 

Maybe we should stop before it is too late to save our Mother Earth.

Thank you. 

Happy Groundhog Day

Global Average Surface Temperature Data is Invalid

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Climate Change / Science 
___________________________________

 

On the Validity of NOAA, NASA and Hadley CRU Global Average Surface Temperature Data & The Validity of EPA’s CO2 Endangerment Finding Abridged Research Report

ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that Global Average Surface Temperature (GAST) data, produced by NOAA, NASA, and HADLEY are sufficiently credible estimates of global average temperatures such that they can be relied upon for climate modeling and policy analysis purposes.The relevance of this research is that the validity of all three of the so-called Lines of Evidence in EPA’s GHG/CO2 Endangerment Finding require GAST data to be a valid representation of reality.

In this research report, the most important surface data adjustment issues are identified and past changes in the previously reported historical data are quantified. It was found that each new version of GAST has nearly always exhibited a steeper warming linear trend over its entire history. And, it was nearly always accomplished by systematically removing the previously existing cyclical temperature pattern. This was true for all three entities providing GAST data measurement, NOAA, NASA and Hadley CRU.

As a result, this research sought to validate the current estimates of GAST using the best available relevant data. This included the best documented and understood data sets from the U.S. and elsewhere as well as global data from satellites that provide far more extensive global coverage and are not contaminated by bad siting and urbanization impacts. Satellite data integrity also benefits from having cross checks with Balloon data.

The conclusive findings of this research are that the three GAST data sets are not a valid representation of reality. In fact, the magnitude of their historical data adjustments that removed their cyclical temperature patterns, are totally inconsistent with published and credible U.S. and other temperature data. Thus,it is impossible to conclude from the three published GAST data sets that recent years have been the warmest ever –despite current claims of record setting warming.

Finally, since GAST data set validity is a necessary condition for EPA’s GHG/CO2Endangerment Finding, it too is invalidated by these research findings. 

To read the entire paper, click our Source material.


Source: THS Research   

Solar Grand Minimum Makes Paris Accords Look Foolish

Staff Writer, DL Mullan

Paris Accords / Climate Change
_________________________________

As mayors and governors lament over the United States pull out of the Paris Climate Accords, actual scientists have been at work. 

United Nations' treaties, accords, and what have you are about politics and social engineering, none of those agreements are based on actual science. If they were, people would come to realize that the sun creates weather and our sun is headed toward a Solar Grand Minimum.

No Global Warming. No Climate Change... just a regularly scheduled break in solar activity that will lead us into a mini ice age like what was seen during the Maunder Minimum:

The Maunder minimum is the name given to a period of extreme solar inactivity that occurred between 1645 and 1710. Of particular interest is that this period of inactivity corresponds closely to one of the coldest periods of the so-called "Little Ice Age" in Europe, a time of long, cold winters that caused severe hardships in the pre-industrial revolution world. This has led scientists to extensively study the possible influences of solar activity on terrestrial climate, as well as examine other stars for evidence of activity cycle behavior similar to the Sun's.

We are headed there now: 

The Sun in Transition? Persistence of the Near-Surface structural changes through Cycle 24

Even if you cannot read the science, you can very well understand the pictures. 

Climate change connected to Global Warming is fake news. Made up by politicians and debunked by real science. 

Maybe mayors and governors should start listening to the smart people instead of being sheep. 

Source: Cornell University Physics, Free Online Science Encyclopedia

Learn about Space Weather with the SUN SERIES

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Science / Heliosphere
________________________________  

Since there are many questions about how weather and climate are created, here are a few videos to help mitigate the confusion: 

 The Sun Series  

Source: Suspicious Observers

Phoenix Gets Toxic White Out Under High Pollution Advisory

Staff Writer, DL Mullan

Photojournalist, DL Mullan

GeoEngineering / Ecoterrorism 

_______________________________

Earth Day, who? 

In the your face, plain sight, climate engineering known for its droughts (California) and flooding (Texas this week) is again hitting the Phoenix Metro area today. 

The precipitation slated for April 28th at over 1/3 of an inch has all but been erased by drying out our upper atmosphere to create an artificial high pressure system stronger than the natural one we were supposed to have. I watch the weather prediction calendars. I see what is supposed to be versus what is eliminated. 

Now we have high pressure that is killing us. The air is so polluted in Phoenix that people are advised not to go out into it. Yet the geoengineers are spraying our skies with a toxic soup in addition to the unhealthy smog. 

For what? 

Aren't you a little tired of the whited out skies that did not exist several years ago? Phoenix used to have more sunny days than Florida, the sunshine state. 

Here is what this morning looked like as the jets sprayed the skies across Phoenix: 

If you would like the climate engineering to stop, then start being vocal. 

Call every day these toxic lines are sprayed, at any altitude, to your city leaders' offices, the state legislature, the governor, not to mention Congressional Representative and Senators, plus the White House.

If you are truly incensed by what is happening to the planet, then call the EPA and United Nations. 

Climate Change and Global Warming are scams and now uninformed people are messing with our atmosphere. We do need a change. We need a change from anti-science fearmongers. 

Pollution Advisory Made Worse by Chemical Clouds, GE Report for 4.19.16

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Photojournalist, DL Mullan
GeoEngineering / Pollution 
_______________________________

A Pollution Advisory has been published for the Phoenix Metro area, but the discussion stops there while jets line the sky with toxic chemicals.

Solar Radiation Management program's chemicals have been known to linger in the atmosphere for 22 hours. So as the dirty brown cloud inundates the city's skyline, chemical clouds make the pollution worse, not better, by not allowing the heat transfer at night. That means what is low cannot be released into space because the chemicals in the atmosphere will not allow the normal, natural exchange.

As Americans, the world over, we are pointed at as the cause for wicked weather because of our energy usage and supposed carbon emissions, when are we going to start demanding answers for the United Nations and NATO's poisoning of our skies? 

Or questioning the EPA for their lack of action against weather modification programs over US skies?  

Until these weather control programs are halted, there can be no real discussion of our climate, even the arguments based on United Nations' own propaganda. How is that poisoning the atmosphere negates the supposed poisoning of the atmosphere by people on the planet? It doesn't.  There is no logic to the UN's climate debate anymore.

Time to end the lies of global warming and climate change. The People of the Earth do not want nations to weaponize the weather for their own quiet wars while telling the rest of humanity we are the cause of global destruction. 

We are tired of the lies to fill the pockets of a few.

12 Days of GeoEngineering

Staff Writer, DL Mullan

Poetry / GeoEngineering

_______________________________________

VDP Gazette spends our days bringing information and perspectives to our readers. At this time of year, we usually part with the news in lieu of something creative. 

Here is this year's Christmas Eve's choice: 

12 Days of GeoEngineering.

On the first day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
scratchy itchy skin and
full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the second day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the third day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the fourth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the fifth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the sixth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the seventh day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Now it’s called: Climate Change
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the eighth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Barium caused Renal Failure
Now it’s called: Climate Change
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the ninth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Tree Fungal Infections
Barium caused Renal Failure
Now it’s called: Climate Change
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the tenth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
UVC that Disinfected My Skin Right Off
Tree Fungal Infections
Barium caused Renal Failure
Now it’s called: Climate Change
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the eleventh day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Dying Oceans and Beached Whales
UVC that Disinfected My Skin Right Off
Tree Fungal Infections
Barium caused Renal Failure
Now it’s called: Climate Change
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

On the twelfth day of spraying the atmosphere,
the geoengineers gave to me:
Tic Tac Toe Lines in the Sky
Dying Oceans and Beached Whales
UVC that Disinfected My Skin Right Off
Tree Fungal Infections
Barium caused Renal Failure
Now it’s called: Climate Change
More Lies about Global Warming
Rickets from Solar Radiation Management
Aluminum induced Alzheimer’s
A Depleted Ozone Layer
Strontium Burnt Lungs
And full-fledged Morgellons Disease

 

 

Source: Undawnted 

Engineering Earth, Exposing The Global Climate Modification Assault

Staff Writer, DL Mullan

GeoEngineering / Weather Modification
_____________________________________

Engineering Earth, Exposing The Global Climate Modification Assault

Governments around the world have long since fully deployed global climate engineering on a scale that cannot truly be comprehended. They decided (without public knowledge or consent) that they had the right to use the atmosphere of our planet to serve their own agendas which amount to nothing less than weather and biological warfare. On August 14th, 2015, there was a major event in Northern California that was organized for the purpose of exposing and halting the global climate engineering programs that are decimating our planet and the entire web of life. Numerous experts spoke out at this event including attorneys, former government scientists, a former defense industry technician, former military personnel, a prominent Northern California Neurologist, and a CEO for one of the largest environmental and engineering consulting firms in the world. Approximately 1000 people attended this event. http://www.geoengineeringwatch.org/ma... The video below is the primary PowerPoint informational presentation given at the event, "Engineering Earth, Exposing The Global Climate Modification Assault". This presentation was given by Dane Wigington, lead researcher for geoengineeringwatch.org. The emcee for this important event was John B. Wells, radio host for the highly acclaimed "Caravan to Midnight" show. John works tirelessly toward revealing the truth for the common good. His participation in the Northern California event was of immense benefit to the cause of exposing geoengineering. My deepest appreciation to John, to all the speakers that participated and shared their knowledge, to each and every activist that contributed countless hours, and of course our gratitude to all those that attended the event. Individuals came from locations as far away as Valdez Alaska and St. Louis Missouri.

Source: GeoEngineering Watch

Comment: Proposed Findings for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aircraft and Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

Staff Writer, DL Mullan

GeoEngineering / EPA 
_____________________________________

Proposed Findings for Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

from Aircraft and Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

Forget about the fake climate science and greenhouse gas emissions, it's time to complain about geoengineering to the people who are supposed to safeguard our air, water, and land.

VDP Gazette did:

I wish this comments inquiry was more about GeoEngineering and fake climate science than going after carbon emissions. You are carbon. I am carbon. Plants need carbon dioxide to breathe; plants then make oxygen for us to breathe. Simple, right? So why do you want to stop the plants from breathing exactly?

My concern is not this fictitious IPCC, the sky is falling, non scientific, political rhetoric. My concern is about the geoengineering programs already in progress for no reason at all, and against my consent. Somewhere I am paying for this nonsense and it needs to end. Now.

Geoengineering is beyond irresponsible. If you would like to know more about how stupid these programs are, please contact Dane Wigington and read his website: http://www.geoengineeringwatch.org. What an eye-opener.

In my city, Phoenix, AZ, the lines in the sky are so bad that I cannot get up from my bed because I cannot breathe. Forget inhalers. These are nanoparticulates that are damaging brains, organs, and the nervous systems of avians, fish, and humans. Children included.

One man in Mohave County, AZ, Mr DiCicio is having health issues. So our community blog wrote a piece on him: http://www.villadepaz-gazette.com/2014/02/geoengineeing-one-arizonans-battle.html. The chemicals discussed therein are being found in water, soil, and humans! Here: read some more, our community keeps tabs on this criminal ecoterrorism: http://www.villadepaz-gazette.com/p/geoengineering.html.

Isn’t it the EPA’s job to protect the environment? Why is the EPA waging war on businesses and energy sources because of carbon dioxide we all need for fake UN climate shite?

We have real problems in this country and we [need] serious people to solve those issues. If the EPA cannot, then find someone who can because Americans are growing increasingly tired of the UN’s policies overriding our rights as free persons.

It’s not a lie or a conspiracy theory, although it is one hell of a conspiracy. While you are at it, listen to some Rosa Koire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0K6CACOGdEM and get her book. Also visit her websites replete with factual information on the terrorism that plagues our world… http://www.democratsagainstunagenda21.com and http://www.postsustainabilityinstitute.org/info-from-the-source.html.

I want geoengineering halted, immediately. These nanoparticulates are killing everything in their path. If you want to knock on somebody’s door about this global mess, start with the Joint Chiefs of Staff: http://www.villadepaz-gazette.com/2014/03/proof-air-force-off-its-meds-weather-as.html.
The JCS have the financial and physical capabilities to implement a program this vast across the United States, as well as people from NATO countries are complaining about the same damn geoengineering planes and toxic lines in the sky.

When we seek remedy, Americans get the run around when investigating this issue. Your governor is not in charge, ask the FAA. The FAA does not know anything. Yet, the rain that was supposed to fall on election day here in Phoenix some how got cancelled so that light rail could pass… excuse me: http://www.villadepaz-gazette.com/2015/08/rain-dispersal-elections-and.html. What? The government doesn’t believe we Americans pay attention?

The EPA better stop supporting the UN”s unscientific climate policies and get back to the business it was chartered for: saving the air, water, and land from stupid people like the UN.

FYI, this letter will be placed on our community blog, for my safety. I have also attached images taken of geoengineering in Phoenix this spring.

Thank you.

Source: EPA

Rain Dispersal, Elections, and GeoEngineering

Staff Writer, Nicole Meyer-Greene
Weather Modification / Elections
__________________________________

With elections for the City of Phoenix slated for tomorrow, Tuesday, August 25th, a curious situation happened: the rain was postponed. As weather forecasters predicted rain Monday night but mostly into early Tuesday morning and afternoon, all of a sudden, that prediction was put on hold.

Where did the rain go? 

After days of blue skies, the lines returned. Coincidence? 

And who is paying for these expensive toxic weather modification days? The City of Phoenix, which is already in financial debt? The State of Arizona, ditto? Or the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who have plenty of budgeted funds thanks to policy papers like PNAC, or it's new name the Foreign Policy Initiative? 

Tomorrow's Propositions are full of United Nation's funding for Climate Change policies that are destructive to Americans, the environment, and government budgets. 

One thing is certain: GeoEngineering is making a mess of our skies, ozone layer, and weather. 

Don't let GeoEngineering make a mess of Phoenix more than it already has.

Remember our If you don;t know, Vote: NO campaign. 

Our World, ISIS and Climate Change

Staff Writer, DB Holmes
Comedy / Current Events
________________________________

Our World, ISIS and Climate Change

 

A comedic look at our world, how the news is covered by media and the government.

Source: ChangeDeChannel

Onward marches the Great Pause

Staff Writer, Nathaniel Diaz
Climate Change / IPCC
_____________________________________

Onward marches the Great Pause

Since October 1996 there has been no global warming at all (Fig. 1). This month’s RSS temperature plot pushes up the period without any global warming from 18 years 1 month to 18 years 2 months (indeed, very nearly 18 years 3 months). Will this devastating chart be displayed anywhere at the Lima conference? Don’t bet on it.

Source: Lord Mockton Foundation

Video Documentation Reveals Commercial Aircraft Spraying Chemtrails To Warm Climate

Staff Writer, DB Holmes

GeoEngineering / Jet Engines 
_____________________________________

 Video Documentation Reveals Commercial 

Aircraft Spraying Chemtrails To Warm Climate

Bifurcation of the aerosol trails is due to the duel thrust emissions from the high-bypass turbofan engine - with a minority of thrust coming from the combustion stage and most thrust developed in the bypass stage.

Only 15% to 20% of the air intake goes into the engine combustion chamber to produce the water vapor necessary for a contrail to form. Remarkably, a whopping 80% to 85% of the thrust that exits the engine NEVER passes into the combustion chamber. This means that 85% of the thrust exiting the engine is INCAPABLE of producing a contrail. Furthermore, the 15 to 20% that is subjected to combustion is almost completely neutralized by the dominant mixing from the 85% of "dry" thrust that passes around the combustion chamber to provide almost all the thrust. The thrust from the combustion chamber creates the appearance of a "bifurcated" trail because the 15% of the emission creates the small doughnut hole in the bypass thrust where the aerosols are injected, hidden beneath the engine cowling. This finding explains why no fuel additives are found to explain the chemical trails since the additives would degrade engine performance if passed though the combustion chamber. To avoid engine damage, the aerosols are injected in the bypass stage where aerosols will not come into contact with critical engine parts.

Lastly, commercial pilots likely have little control of aerosol emissions since the ability to start and stop the chemical spray is controlled remotely as in "drone" or fly-by-wire technology from a remote site. Modern jet engines are fitted with transponders that report engine performance to the manufacture through transmission of data to a satellite. With radio frequency communication already in place it becomes possible for the engine to respond to a remote satellite command where chemical aerosol emissions are turned on and off automatically without intervention by pilot or crew. This explains why pilots may not be good whistleblowers since they have no, or insufficient knowledge of the secret devices located inside the aircraft that supplies the engine.

Source: Youtube

An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security

Staff Writer, Nathaniel Diaz
National Security / Climate Change
_________________________________

An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its 

Implications for United States National Security

Imagining the Unthinkable

The purpose of this report is to imagine the unthinkable – to push the boundaries of current research on climate change so we may better understand the potential implications on United States national security.

We have interviewed leading climate change scientists, conducted additional research, and reviewed several iterations of the scenario with these experts. The scientists support this project, but caution that the scenario depicted is extreme in two fundamental ways. First, they suggest the occurrences we outline would most likely happen in a few regions, rather than on globally. Second, they say the magnitude of the event may be considerably smaller.

We have created a climate change scenario that although not the most likely, is plausible, and would challenge United States national security in ways that should be considered immediately.

Source: Climate.org

Air Force 2025

Staff Writer, R.Patrick Chapman

Air Force / Weather Modification 
___________________________________

AIR FORCE 2025  

 Welcome to AIR FORCE 2025 future study conducted 1995-1996 for the Air Force Chief of Staff...

Source: Air Force

Climate Change: Because the Government Cannot Make You Scared Enough

Staff Writer, R. Patrick Chapman

Psychology / Government
______________________________________

There are reasons for why the American public engages in some but not all risk information. For one thing, the government lies. We understand this fact. Two, the Ebola virus is real and has real consequences. We understand those facts all too well.

When it comes to the topics of climate change and overpopulation, we as the American public know that these two subjects are manufactured topics so that overzealous scam artists can manipulate, tax, and regulate all of human activity. 

Most common people when given the right data understand that climate change and overpopulation are outright lies from government officials and the United Nations' organizations. 

So National Science Foundation why don't you? Why does the government have to manipulate the public instead of telling us the truth? And why are you helping the government do this unethical behavior? Is the Tavistock Institute closed?

I have answered the program thesis question, so may I have my $84,110 grant now? 

Here is the winning proposal abstract and all relevant contact information if you are so bold:

RAPID Proposal: Psychological distance, risk perceptions and 

communication behaviors during the Ebola outbreak

This project assesses the American public's views of the Ebola outbreak and how these views influence their communication behaviors related to the outbreak such as information seeking, information sharing and information processing. The project focuses on the degree to which such views are influenced by the public's perceptions regarding the importance and personal relevance of this issue, as well as their emotional responses to the outbreak and whether they perceive this issue as psychologically distant and abstract. The research involves a survey, based on a nationally representative sample of 1,000 participants, who are randomly assigned to two experimental conditions (one emphasizing that there are no known cases or Ebola transmission in the United States, and the other that avoids this fact). The use of this experimental survey design provides a unique capacity to understand why one third of the U.S. adults (measured in a September 2014 survey) are concerned that there will be a large Ebola outbreak in the U.S. The participants in the surveys are being drawn from an academic-quality, probability-based online panel.

In addition to the issue-specific value of knowing more about risk perceptions related to the Ebola outbreak, findings from this project will inform the design of communication messages related to risk issues that are often perceived to be psychologically distant by the American public, such as climate change and overpopulation. The specific mechanisms through which the study variables influence risk communication behaviors will also inform communication campaigns aimed at encouraging greater public engagement with risk information. In doing so, the proposed research will integrate theory from social psychology and risk communication to explore the utility of psychological distance in informing public communication about emerging public health risks

Source: National Science Foundation

GeoEngineering Daily Report, 11.01.14

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Photographer, DL Mullan
GeoEngineering / Eco Terrorism
____________________________________

November began with clear, crisp blue skies and ended with chemical-laden clouds disrupting the sunset.

Storm clouds enter the Valley from the West

White Chemical Lines Hide Behind Real Clouds

Crisscross marks the spot on Radar

But wait, more lines are made so rain doesn't come our way

When are Phoenix residents going to get upset with the dangerous oxides being rained down on them?

Stratospheric Welsbach Seeding for Reduction of Global Warming

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Patent / Global Warming
____________________________________

Stratospheric Welsbach Seeding for Reduction of Global Warming

United States Patent	5,003,186
Chang ,   et al.	March 26, 1991

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a method for the reduction of global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect, and in particular to a method which involves the seeding of the earth's stratosphere with Welsbach-like materials.

Global warming has been a great concern of many environmental scientists. Scientists believe that the greenhouse effect is responsible for global warming. Greatly increased amounts of heat-trapping gases have been generated since the Industrial Revolution. These gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane, accumulate in the atmosphere and allow sunlight to stream in freely but block heat from escaping (greenhouse effect). These gases are relatively transparent to sunshine but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth.

Most current approaches to reduce global warming are to restrict the release of various greenhouse gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane. These imply the need to establish new regulations and the need to monitor various gases and to enforce the regulations.

One proposed solution to the problem of global warming involves the seeding of the atmosphere with metallic particles. One technique proposed to seed the metallic particles was to add the tiny particles to the fuel of jet airliners, so that the particles would be emitted from the jet engine exhaust while the airliner was at its cruising altitude. While this method would increase the reflection of visible light incident from space, the metallic particles would trap the long wavelength blackbody radiation released from the earth. This could result in net increase in global warming.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for reduction of global warming due to the greenhouse effect which permits heat to escape through the atmosphere.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method is disclosed for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer. The method comprises the step of seeding the greenhouse gas layer with a quantity of tiny particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength regions and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength region. Such materials can include the class of materials known as Welsbach materials. The oxides of metal, e.g., aluminum oxide, are also suitable for the purpose. The greenhouse gases layer typically extends between about seven and thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface. The seeding of the stratosphere occurs within this layer. The particles suspended in the stratosphere as a result of the seeding provide a mechanism for converting the blackbody radiation emitted by the earth at near infrared wavelengths into radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength so that this heat energy may be reradiated out into space, thereby reducing the global warming due to the greenhouse effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a model for the heat trapping phenomenon, i.e., the greenhouse effect.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight incident on earth and of the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired particle material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a model for the heat-trapping (greenhouse effect) phenomenon. It is assumed that the greenhouse gases are concentrated at altitudes between y=0 (at some altitude Y.sub.1, above the earth's surface) and y=1. Regardless of the sunshine reflected back into space, i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 denote the shortwavelength sunlight energies that are absorbed by the earth's surface and the greenhouse gases, respectively. Available data shows that i.sub.1 =0.45 i.sub.sol and i.sub.2 =0.25 i.sub.sol, where i.sub.sol is the total flux from the sun. The short wavelength sunlight heats up the greenhouse gases and the earth surface, and this energy is eventually reradiated out in the long wavelength infrared region.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight and the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength. As illustrated, some 30% of the sunlight energy is in the near infrared region. The earth's blackbody radiation, on the other hand, is at the far infrared wavelength.

Referring again to FIG. 1, I.sub.s, I.sub.+, I.sub.-, I.sub.g and I.sub.e represent the fluxes in the infrared wavelength region, where I.sub.s and I.sub.g are the fluxes reradiated by the greenhouse gases toward the sky and ground, respectively; I.sub.e is the flux reradiated by the earth; and I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are fluxes within the gases radiating toward the space and ground, respectively. I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are functions of y, e.g., I.sub.+ (0) is the I.sub.+ flux at y=0. Considering the principles of energy conservation and continuity at boundaries, the following relationships are obtained:

where R.sub.o, R.sub.l and R are the reflectivities at the y=0 and y=1 boundaries and at the earth's surface. I.sub.BB (T.sub.e) is the blackbody radiation flux at the earth's temperature T.sub.e. Within the greenhouse gases' layer, the energy equations are

where I.sub.BB (T.sub.g) is the blackbody radiation flux at the greenhouse gases' temperature T.sub.g, and .alpha. is the absorption coefficient of the gases. The solutions of equations 8 and 9 are given by equations 10 and 11:

To illustrate the effects of R.sub.o and R.sub.l on the green-house effect, the extreme case is considered wherein a high concentration of greenhouse gases has strong absorption in the infrared region; that is, for y=1, e.sup.-.alpha.l approaches 0. Then, using Equations 3 and 4, the relationships of Equations 12 and 13 are obtained.

From Equations 5 and 7,

or

From Equations 2 and 1,

or

Combining Equations 14 and 15, the relationship of Equation 16 is obtained.

Finally, Equation 6 gives the blackbody radiation from the earth's surface in terms of i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 and the three reflectivities:

or

To achieve a lower temperature of the earth, (considering i.sub.1, i.sub.2 and R as constants), it is desirable to make R and R.sub.l as small as possible.

Known refractory materials have a thermal emissivity function which is strongly wavelength dependent. For example, the materials may have high emissivity (and absorption) at the far infrared wavelengths, high emissivity in the visible wavelength range, and very low emissivity at intermediate wavelengths. If a material having those emissivity characteristics and a black body are exposed to IR energy of equal intensity, the selective thermal radiator will emit visible radiation with higher efficiency (if radiation cooling predominates), i.e., the selective thermal radiator will appear brighter than the black body. This effect is known as the Welsbach effect and is extensively used in commercial gas lantern mantles.

Welsbach materials have the characteristic of wavelength-dependent emissivity (or reflectivity). For example, thorium oxide (ThO.sub.2) has high emissivities in the visible and far IR regions but it has low emissivity in the near IR region. So, in accordance with the invention, the layer of greenhouse gases is seeded with Welsbach or Welsbach-like materials which have high emissivities (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micrometer infrared regions, which has the effect of reducing R.sub.o and R.sub.l while introducing no effect in the visible range.

A desired material for the stratospheric seeding has a reflection coefficient close to unity for near IR radiation, and a reflection coefficient close to zero (or emissity close to unity) for far IR radiation. FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired material. Another class of materials having the desired property includes the oxides of metals. For example, aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) is one metal oxide suitable for the purpose and which is relatively inexpensive.

It is presently believed that particle sizes in the ten to one hundred micron range would be suitable for the seeding purposes. Larger particles would tend to settle to the earth more quickly.

The particles in the required size range can be obtained with conventional methods of grinding and meshing.

It is believed that the number of particles n.sub.d per unit area in the particle layer should be defined by Equation 18:

where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the long IR wavelengths. One crude estimate of the density of particles is given by Equation (19):

where c is the speed of light, m is the average particle mass, e is the electron charge, and w is the absorption line width in sec.sup.-1.

The greenhouse gases are typically in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of seven to thirteen kilometers. This suggests that the particle seeding should be done at an altitude on the order of 10 kilometers. The particles may be seeded by dispersal from seeding aircraft; one exemplary technique may be via the jet fuel as suggested by prior work regarding the metallic particles. Once the tiny particles have been dispersed into the atmosphere, the particles may remain in suspension for up to one year.

It is understood that the above-described embodiment is merely illustrative of the possible specific embodiments which may represent principles of the present invention. Other arrangements may readily be devised in accordance with these principles by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Source: USPTO