Smart Cities are Future Agenda 21 Hi-Tech Monitored Concentration Camps

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Agenda 21 / Communitarianism 
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Smart Cities are Future Agenda 21 

Hi-Tech Monitored Concentration Camps

How the rights of the community restrict individual rights.

Source: News from the Truth

Conservative Whine: The Original Social Justice Warriors

Staff Writer, DL Mullan

Patriarchy / Theocracy 
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In the age of your rights end where my feelings begin Social Justice crapola, we get another example of the hypocrisy from the patriarchy. The message is clear that freedom is when conservatives do not have to take responsibility for living in a Republic but demand all of the protections created by it.

The Religious Right is the birth parents of Social Justice tantrums and look what it has gotten us. Women are sacrificed on the alter of whaaa! Conservatives defund birth control and abortions citing religious exemptions and morality.

Except birth control reduces the number of abortions, so what is immoral, unethical, or impractical about making sure birth control is available to all young women? The problem is not having control of women. Control of anyone is slavery. Isn't the Religious Right against that too? 

In an article on LiveScience called Free Birth Control Cuts Abortion Rate by 62 Percent, anyone can see that proper medical care counters the number of unintended pregnancies.

Among women in the free contraceptive program, the teen birth rate was 6.3 per 1,000 women, a huge difference from the national teen birth rate of 34.3 per 1,000 women.

Likewise, the abortion rate among women in the program was 4.4 to 7.5 per 1,000 between 2008 and 2010. Nationally, there are 19.6 abortions per every thousand women, a 62 percent to 78 percent difference. In the St. Louis area, the overall abortion rate in that time frame was between 13.4 and 17 abortions per 1,000 women.

So shouldn't that study be lauded by conservatives of the Religious Right to protect women's' health initiatives? That would be a resounding: no. One quote garnered from a conservative, alt right radio host is: "I don't want to have to pay for it!"

But in reality, no legislation has ever had to be passed to force employers or insurance companies to cover erectile dysfunction treatments, most types of male reproductive prescriptions are covered by insurance. In 52% of the human population that is female, why are women paying for that cost when women's protection from unwanted pregnancies are refuted, if conservatives want to be petty about it?

Conservative men have no problem having sex with women and creating babies. Yet, these same men who help create the problem of abortion refuse women the opportunity of not having one.

Problem Reaction Solution.

Sounds like conservative men do not understand that women are not pleasure bots. We are feeling human beings who want to find a balance between family and self-fulfillment. Without birth control or abortions, especially for the life of the mother, genetic abnormalities, or worse, women become nothing but sexual toys burdened by antiquated theology. 

In the light of fairness, freedom, and equity, the conservative argument against preserving women's reproductive health services including birth control loses all credibility. 

To take the reality further, many neglected and abused children live as prisoners in foster care.

Over 400,000 American children are in foster care, taken away when their families are in crisis and can’t take care of them.

How many of these children were unintended pregnancies?  We have to wonder. We are also left to wonder where all the conservatives are to adopt these children? 

These children and their families are directly effected by the "let someone else care" philosophy of the Religious Right. The Right has no problem dictating economic, political, and religious policies to the rest of America. The question remains: can America afford to keep entertaining these religious tantrums? Anyone with a moral or ethical conscience would be remiss to do so.  

Still the cry for religion to be exalted in society is prevalent as preachers interfere with politics, push their religion in public schools, and never pay a dime in  property taxes. 

On the website called Christianity an interesting point was made:

I find it fascinating that certain groups on the Right want pastors to "speak up." What they mean by this, of course, is to more overtly endorse their preferred candidates and/or moral issues. But what they don't understand is that pastors are speaking up, it's just that what pastors are speaking up about may not be the taking points of the current season.And, the Bible cuts against both parties, against all political persuasions....So some would say the Bible is very conservative. And yet that would be incomplete, because you will also find in Scripture many texts on justice, the plight of the poor, treatment of the immigrant. And who Jesus' chief antagonists were in the gospels? The Pharisees, the Religious Right of their day.  

Should pastors speak about in the pulpit about contemporary issues? Yes, but only when the texts of Scripture clearly articulate it. They shouldn't bow to any party's talking points. They shouldn't slant their sermons to fit a political profile. They shouldn't become wannabee pundits in the pulpit. They should preach the Word and let it do it's work in the hearts of the people, who will then go influence their communities. 

And, the argument from the Founding Fathers of the United States would say: No. Religion should not be apart of our political or justice systems. The simple fact of swearing on the Bible is hypocrisy. 

 

In the article, 10 Founding Fathers Quotes That Will Make Conservatives’ Heads Explode, we can read of list of statements made by Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and others that contradict the political, social, and religious edicts demanded by the Religious Right in our country. Statements such as

“The power of all corporations ought to be limited, […] the growing wealth acquired by them never fails to be a source of abuses.”
— James Madison

Corporations were never intended to become megaconglomerates or transnationals. The fact that corporations bribe our politicians and write their own laws supports Madison's assertion. America needs to break up monopolies as well as make corporations less influential.

Another concern: a conservative radio show host has also expressed his intolerance for worker's protections under the law. 

“He who is the author of a war, lets loose the whole contagion of hell, and opens a vein that bleeds a nation to death.”
— Thomas Paine: The Crisis No. V, 1797

Conservatives under the banner of Globalism have murdered millions of people and destroyed the environment for the sake of controlling other people's natural resources.

“In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot, abetting his abuses in return for protection to his own. It is error alone that needs the support of government. Truth can stand by itself.”
~Founding Father Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to Horatio Spofford, 1814

Religion was not the foundation of the American Dream. The subtraction of religion was the impetus. Freedom and rights cannot be weighed in the fantasy of a god.

Just ask women.

“As to Taxes, they are evidently inseparable from Government. It is impossible without them to pay the debts of the nation, to protect it from foreign danger, or to secure individuals from lawless violence and rapine.” –= Alexander Hamilton: Address to the Electors of the State of New York, March, 1801

A certain level of taxation is necessary for the sake of our society, yet taxes are cut for the wealthiest time and time again with the promise of jobs and prosperity that never come. 

Conservatives cry: taxation is theft, but when everyone else not making a living wage is forced onto social services because the taxes for that segment of society are too high and the good paying jobs were outsourced to the Third World to make Share Holders rich, conservatives scream: "laziness!," "you waste your money on junk food!," and, of course: that women are sluts for having children or feminists for divorcing their abusive husbands.

Conservatism has been a bane to freedom and rights since the beginning of history. Our forefathers wrote of such concerns and repudiated religious exercise in politics. Today, conservative radio shows, celebrities, and writers want to rewrite history and revert back to a stifling theocracy for anyone who is not white, male, and Christian.

Those days are over. The patriarchy needs to understand that the rest of us live here too. Time to grow up, stop flailing your tantrums on television and radio, and finally realize that you cherry pick ideals to stand behind all the while negating your duties to this Republic.

Source: Foster Club, Christianity, Democratic Underground,  

Stratospheric Welsbach Seeding for Reduction of Global Warming

Staff Writer, DL Mullan
Patent / Global Warming
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Stratospheric Welsbach Seeding for Reduction of Global Warming

United States Patent	5,003,186
Chang ,   et al.	March 26, 1991

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a method for the reduction of global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect, and in particular to a method which involves the seeding of the earth's stratosphere with Welsbach-like materials.

Global warming has been a great concern of many environmental scientists. Scientists believe that the greenhouse effect is responsible for global warming. Greatly increased amounts of heat-trapping gases have been generated since the Industrial Revolution. These gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane, accumulate in the atmosphere and allow sunlight to stream in freely but block heat from escaping (greenhouse effect). These gases are relatively transparent to sunshine but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth.

Most current approaches to reduce global warming are to restrict the release of various greenhouse gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane. These imply the need to establish new regulations and the need to monitor various gases and to enforce the regulations.

One proposed solution to the problem of global warming involves the seeding of the atmosphere with metallic particles. One technique proposed to seed the metallic particles was to add the tiny particles to the fuel of jet airliners, so that the particles would be emitted from the jet engine exhaust while the airliner was at its cruising altitude. While this method would increase the reflection of visible light incident from space, the metallic particles would trap the long wavelength blackbody radiation released from the earth. This could result in net increase in global warming.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for reduction of global warming due to the greenhouse effect which permits heat to escape through the atmosphere.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method is disclosed for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer. The method comprises the step of seeding the greenhouse gas layer with a quantity of tiny particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength regions and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength region. Such materials can include the class of materials known as Welsbach materials. The oxides of metal, e.g., aluminum oxide, are also suitable for the purpose. The greenhouse gases layer typically extends between about seven and thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface. The seeding of the stratosphere occurs within this layer. The particles suspended in the stratosphere as a result of the seeding provide a mechanism for converting the blackbody radiation emitted by the earth at near infrared wavelengths into radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength so that this heat energy may be reradiated out into space, thereby reducing the global warming due to the greenhouse effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a model for the heat trapping phenomenon, i.e., the greenhouse effect.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight incident on earth and of the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired particle material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a model for the heat-trapping (greenhouse effect) phenomenon. It is assumed that the greenhouse gases are concentrated at altitudes between y=0 (at some altitude Y.sub.1, above the earth's surface) and y=1. Regardless of the sunshine reflected back into space, i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 denote the shortwavelength sunlight energies that are absorbed by the earth's surface and the greenhouse gases, respectively. Available data shows that i.sub.1 =0.45 i.sub.sol and i.sub.2 =0.25 i.sub.sol, where i.sub.sol is the total flux from the sun. The short wavelength sunlight heats up the greenhouse gases and the earth surface, and this energy is eventually reradiated out in the long wavelength infrared region.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight and the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength. As illustrated, some 30% of the sunlight energy is in the near infrared region. The earth's blackbody radiation, on the other hand, is at the far infrared wavelength.

Referring again to FIG. 1, I.sub.s, I.sub.+, I.sub.-, I.sub.g and I.sub.e represent the fluxes in the infrared wavelength region, where I.sub.s and I.sub.g are the fluxes reradiated by the greenhouse gases toward the sky and ground, respectively; I.sub.e is the flux reradiated by the earth; and I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are fluxes within the gases radiating toward the space and ground, respectively. I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are functions of y, e.g., I.sub.+ (0) is the I.sub.+ flux at y=0. Considering the principles of energy conservation and continuity at boundaries, the following relationships are obtained:

where R.sub.o, R.sub.l and R are the reflectivities at the y=0 and y=1 boundaries and at the earth's surface. I.sub.BB (T.sub.e) is the blackbody radiation flux at the earth's temperature T.sub.e. Within the greenhouse gases' layer, the energy equations are

where I.sub.BB (T.sub.g) is the blackbody radiation flux at the greenhouse gases' temperature T.sub.g, and .alpha. is the absorption coefficient of the gases. The solutions of equations 8 and 9 are given by equations 10 and 11:

To illustrate the effects of R.sub.o and R.sub.l on the green-house effect, the extreme case is considered wherein a high concentration of greenhouse gases has strong absorption in the infrared region; that is, for y=1, e.sup.-.alpha.l approaches 0. Then, using Equations 3 and 4, the relationships of Equations 12 and 13 are obtained.

From Equations 5 and 7,

or

From Equations 2 and 1,

or

Combining Equations 14 and 15, the relationship of Equation 16 is obtained.

Finally, Equation 6 gives the blackbody radiation from the earth's surface in terms of i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 and the three reflectivities:

or

To achieve a lower temperature of the earth, (considering i.sub.1, i.sub.2 and R as constants), it is desirable to make R and R.sub.l as small as possible.

Known refractory materials have a thermal emissivity function which is strongly wavelength dependent. For example, the materials may have high emissivity (and absorption) at the far infrared wavelengths, high emissivity in the visible wavelength range, and very low emissivity at intermediate wavelengths. If a material having those emissivity characteristics and a black body are exposed to IR energy of equal intensity, the selective thermal radiator will emit visible radiation with higher efficiency (if radiation cooling predominates), i.e., the selective thermal radiator will appear brighter than the black body. This effect is known as the Welsbach effect and is extensively used in commercial gas lantern mantles.

Welsbach materials have the characteristic of wavelength-dependent emissivity (or reflectivity). For example, thorium oxide (ThO.sub.2) has high emissivities in the visible and far IR regions but it has low emissivity in the near IR region. So, in accordance with the invention, the layer of greenhouse gases is seeded with Welsbach or Welsbach-like materials which have high emissivities (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micrometer infrared regions, which has the effect of reducing R.sub.o and R.sub.l while introducing no effect in the visible range.

A desired material for the stratospheric seeding has a reflection coefficient close to unity for near IR radiation, and a reflection coefficient close to zero (or emissity close to unity) for far IR radiation. FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired material. Another class of materials having the desired property includes the oxides of metals. For example, aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) is one metal oxide suitable for the purpose and which is relatively inexpensive.

It is presently believed that particle sizes in the ten to one hundred micron range would be suitable for the seeding purposes. Larger particles would tend to settle to the earth more quickly.

The particles in the required size range can be obtained with conventional methods of grinding and meshing.

It is believed that the number of particles n.sub.d per unit area in the particle layer should be defined by Equation 18:

where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the long IR wavelengths. One crude estimate of the density of particles is given by Equation (19):

where c is the speed of light, m is the average particle mass, e is the electron charge, and w is the absorption line width in sec.sup.-1.

The greenhouse gases are typically in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of seven to thirteen kilometers. This suggests that the particle seeding should be done at an altitude on the order of 10 kilometers. The particles may be seeded by dispersal from seeding aircraft; one exemplary technique may be via the jet fuel as suggested by prior work regarding the metallic particles. Once the tiny particles have been dispersed into the atmosphere, the particles may remain in suspension for up to one year.

It is understood that the above-described embodiment is merely illustrative of the possible specific embodiments which may represent principles of the present invention. Other arrangements may readily be devised in accordance with these principles by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

Source: USPTO